=========== SENSOR NETWORKS TOPICS ===============


Sensor basics: light | infrared | acoustic | seismic | vibration | temperature | radiation

Data aquisition: ADC | Sampling rates | Aliasing | Quantisation

Transport layers: wired | wireless

Network basics: identification : IPV4 : IPV6 : communication TCP UDP

Wireless: RF propagation | Inverse square law | infrastructure | adhoc 

Wireless protocols: bluetooth | 802.11a | 802.11bg WiFi | 802.15.4 | ZebDee | UWB





Sensor Networks 
 Requirements : low power, latency, redundancy, self healing
 
 Commercial models - motes

 Routing Algorithms




Data storage - Cornell Cougar : network is the database




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Day 1 – Session 1:
• Ad-Hoc networking paradigm: The Art of Networking without a Network
o The Past: Evolution from the Military Packet Radio of the 70’s
o Current Military and Civilian Applications
o The Future: The Role of Ad Hoc Networking in 4G Communications
• Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Architecture
o Fundamentals of ad hoc networking - Design Challenges
• Overview of Short-Range Wireless Communications
o Overview of Short-Range Wireless Communications
Day 1 – Session 2:
• Enabling Technologies
o Technologies, Standards, Regulations: WPAN, WLAN, WMAN
o Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Smart-Antennas, MIMO systems
Day 2 – Session 3:
• MAC Layer Design
o IEEE-802.11, ODMA, Delay-Tolerant Networking
• Ad Hoc Network Layer
o Routing Algorithms (Unicast, Multicast, Location-Aware, Clustered)
Day 2 – Session 4:
• Cross-Layer Issues
o Network Security & Cooperation, Quality of Service (QoS)
• Applications and Middleware
o Universal communicator – Software Defined Radio (SDR)
o 4G Internetworking – heterogeneous networks
Day 3 – Session 5:
• Sensor Networks – A Brief Overview
o Applications: Monitoring systems, RFID, Manufacturing
• Architectures for integrated sensing devices
o Design Challenges
o Existing designs
Day 3 – Session 6:
• Network Design
o Radio technologies, Standards (802.15.4)
o MAC: Power-aware designs
o Routing: Delay-Tolerant Networking
• Distributive Computing in Complex Networks
o Self-organizing systems
o Distributed Compression for highly correlated data sources



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1. Overview of Sensing Systems. January 6, 2004. Summarize the rich
history of silicon sensors. Analyze trends in silicon manufacturing
technology, processor technology, and mixed signal design, enabling
low power, inexpensive smart sensors. Highlight the emergence of
ad hoc radio network technology. Discuss the size and growth of the
silicon sensors in the global electronics market. Present the purpose
of series, the conceptual framework for the course, and requirements
for credit.
2. Silicon Sensor Technology. January 13, 2004. Survey existing and
emerging silicon sensor technologies. Highlight the large number of
mature technologies. Discuss the cost, silicon area, special fabrication,
and environmental requirements relevant to widespread deployment.
Exclude discussion of image sensors.
3. Sensing and Computation: Image Sensors. January 20, 2004. The
historical vision for “measurement, computing, and communications
(MC2)” and “pervasive computing” still rings true today. Motivate
the integration of smart sensors. Analyze trade-offs in generation of
silicon technology, power, silicon area, and yield. Present examples
2 Outline 3
of smart sensors with significant integrated computation using image
sensors as an example.
4. Low Power Ad Hoc Radio Networks. January 27, 2004. Present current
research and emerging standards for low power radio networks,
considering energy vs. hop length, energy per hop, energy for forwarding,
bandwidth limitations, and robustness. What can be learned of
topology from the network? Estimate the time-line for commercial
availability of different types of networks.
5. Information theoretical issues for collaborative networks of sensors.
February 3, 2004. This lecture will examine constraints on system
architecture for high-bandwidth sensing applications such as imaging.
Link and network bandwidth limitations dictate the degree of local
data reduction required, and may bound non-local collaboration.
6. Energy Scavenging. February 10, 2004. Enumerate energy sources in
the environment. Quantify usable energy to be extracted from various
environments. Compare long-lived battery operated systems to
energy scavenging systems. Discuss opportunities for creating energyrich
environments. Present examples of existing systems. Summarize
implications for design of future energy scavenging systems.
7. Human Factors and Product Design. February 17, 2004. Wireless,
low power, low cost sensing systems are requirements for rapid, ultrahigh-
volume deployment of sensing systems. Widespread acceptance
of such systems requires ease of use and accommodation of human
preferences. This lecture will look at principles of design for adoption
of new technologies in general and for sensing systems in particular.
Examples of good and bad design will be presented.
8. Integration bounds and examples. February 24, 2004. Design tradeoffs,
cost constraints, and market acceptance for a smart sensing system
will be presented. Alternatively, a more specialized domain may
be presented, such as Toward an Integrated System for Interpretation
of Neurological Activity. Military Applications of Distributed Sensing
Systems. What can be done with today’s sensing system technology
if cost constraints are removed?
9. Research Directions for Sensor Networks March 2, 2004. A government
sponsor of sensor network research will survey current topics of
3 Logistics 4
research in sensor networks and interesting problems in need of attention.
What are the key technical problems in need of solution in
support of military, homeland security, industrial, and commercial deployment
of sensor networks? What are the speakers priorities for
future sensor network research, and why?
10. Panel Discussion: Architecture and Applications of Sensing Systems.
March 9, 2004. A panel composed of industrial, academic, and fi-
nancial leaders will discuss the future of distributed sensing systems.
What are the barriers and where are the opportunities for widespread
deployment of sensor networks? Significant time will be alloted for



        ====================================================================

Day 1
• Overview of sensor networks 
• Examples of sensor networks
     -- Civilian
     -- Military
• Characteristics of sensor networks
• Network architecture
• Hardware design of sensor nodes
• Sensing unit 
• Design of tiny central Processing Unit.
• Storage unit, 
• Power unit 
• Wireless transceiver
     -- RFID technology 
• Location finding system. 
• Tiny central memory

Day 2
• Routing Protocol
     •• Physical Layer
          ---- Frequency selection, types of wireless media 
          ---- Carrier frequency generation.
          ---- Signal detection.
     •• Data Link Layer
          ---- Multiplexing of data streams.
          ---- Data frame detection.
          ---- Medium access. 
          ---- Error control.
          ---- Medium Access Control
     •• Network Layer
          ---- Routing base of energy.
          ---- Local base station 
     •• Clustering Algorithms

Day 3
• Efficient energy aware routing scheme desired
• Re-clustering algorithm for the network to change cluster heads
• Local base-station management
• Data Aggregation Algorithms
• Fault Tolerance 
• Scalability 
• Production Cost
• Energy saving.
     -- Power Saving modes of Operation
     -- Efficient use of battery: 
• Security
     -- Techniques to prevent intrusion of data when moving.